Appendix A: Simazine Ecological Effects Characterization

A.1 Toxicity to Birds / Reptiles ......................................................................................... 2 A.1.1 Birds: Acute Oral Studies .................................................................................... 2 A.1.2 Birds: Subacute Dietary Studies .......................................................................... 4 A.1.3 Birds: Chronic Studies.......................................................................................... 5 A.1.4 Birds/Reptiles: Open Literature........................................................................... 6 A.2 Toxicity to Mammals .................................................................................................. 6 A.2.1 Mammals, Acute................................................................................................... 6 A.2.2 Mammals, Chronic ............................................................................................... 7 A.2.3 Mammals: Open Literature.................................................................................. 8 A.3 Toxicity to Non-Target Insects ................................................................................... 8 A.3.1 Non-Target Insects: Submitted Acute Contact Data ........................................... 8 A.3.2 Non-Target Insects: Open Literature Data .......................................................... 9 A.4 Toxicity to Freshwater Animals................................................................................ 10 A.4.1 Freshwater Fish, Acute Submitted Data ............................................................. 10 A.4.2 Freshwater Fish, Chronic Submitted Data.......................................................... 13 A.4.3 Freshwater Fish, Open Literature Data............................................................... 14 A.4.4 Effects to Amphibians ........................................................................................ 16 A.4.5 Freshwater Invertebrates, Acute Submitted Data ............................................... 16 A.4.6 Freshwater Invertebrate, Chronic Submitted Data ............................................. 18 A.4.7 Freshwater Invertebrates, Open Literature Data................................................. 19 A.4.8 Freshwater Microcosm/Field Studies ................................................................. 20 A.5 Toxicity to Non-target Terrestrial Plants .................................................................. 27 A.5.1 Non-Target Terrestrial Plants: Submitted Data ................................................. 27 A.5.2 Non-Target Terrestrial Plants: Open Literature Data ........................................ 36 A.5.3 Aquatic Plants: Submitted Data......................................................................... 36 A.5.3 Aquatic Plants: Open Literature Data................................................................ 39 A.6 Simazine Toxicity Pesticide Toxicity Interactions ................................................... 43 A.7 References................................................................................................................. 43